Cylinder structure for engines



. 3, 1946. B. s. KRATZER CYLINDER STRUCTURE FOR ENGINES 2 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Jan. 19, 1945 Dec. 3, 1946. B. s. KRATZER 2,411,924

CYLINDER v STRUCTURE FOR ENGINES Fired Jan. 19, 1945 2 sheets-sheet 2 Patented 3,

I .z,4i1,924

Blair S. Kratxer, Williamsport, Pa., assixnor to The Aviation Corporation, New York, N. Y., a

corporation of Delaware Application January 19, 1945, serial No. 573,518

' j somme. (cl. 12s- 173) The invention relates to-cooled cylinder struc-l tures and cylinder-heads for internal combustion engines. j s

AOne object of the invention Vis to provide a cooled cylinder-structure and head which are adapted, when assembled together,' to provide seals between the head and the cylinder-structure for preventing the escape of. combustion gasses,l and for preventing the escape of coolant Ibetween the cylinder-jacket and the sealingead.

Another object of the invention is to provide a pre-assembled cylinder-structure v which. comprises a sleeve and a coolant-jacket which can be readily fabricated as a unit and assembled with the cooled cylinder-headv and the enginecasing.

Other objects of the invention will appear from the detailed description.

The invention consists in the several features hereinafter set forth and more particularly de'- flned by claims at the conclusion hereof.

In the drawings:

in annular shoulder of hardened steel,l is shrunk in the outer end of bore 9 and against shoulder tt in the cylinderv head. A

The cylinder for the usual lpiston consists of a barrel 1, the outer end of which is extended into the cylinder-head and provided with an y external annular shoulder I-a and at its inner Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of a cylinderstructure and cylinder-head embodying the invention. Fig. l-c isa section ,on an enlarged scale of a portion of the cylinder-head, sleeve and cylinder-barrel and the seals.

Fig. 2 is a section takenv online 2 2 of Fig". l. Fig. 3 is a sectional perspective of the coolant transfer-sleeve, through which the coolant ows between the cylinder-head and the water-jacket around the barrel.

Fig. 4 is a section illustrating one of the bolts lfor securing the cylinder-head on the enginecasing with the cylinder-structure therebetween. The invention is exemplied in an internal combustion engine wich comprises a crank-case a, a cylinder-structure, and a cylinder-head c. The usual inlet-valve for'fuel and the exhaustvalve for combustion gasses are mounted in the cylinder-head and the latter is provided with a chamber d through which coolant flows for cooling the head, as well understood in the art. The cylinder-structure comprises a barrel, a coolanttransfer sleeve between the barrel and the head, and a coolant jacket around the barrel, which are adapted to be pre-assembled in the engine into a unitary structure for convenient installation. l,

The cylinder-head is formed with a bore or internalannular groove 9 which terminates-in an annular shoulder III and with -a second bore or internal annular groove I I which terminates end with a shoulder 8, which is adapted to seaton the engine-casing or crank-case a. A coolant-transfer sleeve or jacket section I3 is preferably formed of hard steel, provided withan internal annular shoulder I4 which abuts the annular shoulder 1-a on the outer periphery and adjacent the upper end of barrel l, and the outer periphery of the sleeve lits in the bore 9 of the cylinder-head. Sleeve I3 is also provided with an annular shoulder-24 which fits in the bore Il of the cylinder-head. Sleeve I3 is shrunk around the barrel I with" its-shoulder it in abutting relation with shoulder-/.l-a on the barrel l. The barrel 'I is also formed with a rib I5 of a prepared diameter and :the flower the barrel. A tting `2l for a, coolant-connec- I tion is suitably secured in the jacket Il. Sleeve I3 is provided at its linner end with an annular series of ports 28 for the iiow of coolant from the jacket into the-sleeve and with an annular series of ports 29 for conducting coolant from the sleeve to the chamber d in the cylinderhead, so that the coolant from fitting 2| will flow through the jacket I'I and sleeve I3 to cooling-chamber d in the cylinder-head c. Chamber d is connected to an y)outlet connection for the coolant, as we11 understoodf-'n-the art. A ring 23, preferably of soft metall;v sf"'coniined inthe' bore 9 of the cylinder-head andis 'compressed between ring I6 and sleeve I3 ltovform a seal for preventing the escape of gassesfrom the cylinder, between the barrel and the cylinderhead. The faces of sleeve I3'and ring ISwhich engage the sealing ring 23 are provided-with grooves 26 to form a biting engagement with the metal of ring 23. A ringv or gasket 25 of suitable elastic material is connedin the bore II of the cylinder-head and compressed between a 24 on sleeve I3 to form a seal for preventing process and thermal changesv occuring in the structure.

In fabricating, the cylinder-head, bores 9 and II and shoulders I and I2 can be readily machined therein. The ring I6 is shrunk into the bore 9 and against shoulder I0. In fabricating compression pressure on thecylinder-barrel and the seals, regardless of the varying loads imposed thereon by the combustion sealing means in said other bore between the external shoulder on the sleeve and the shoulder in said last named bore, for preventing the escape of coolant between the jacket and the head.

2. A cylinder structure for engines comprising: a cylinder barrel provided with an external annu- .lar shoulder; a sleeve for coolant shrunk on the barrel and provided with an internal shoulder abutting the shoulder on the barrel, an external annular shoulder and coolant ports; and a coolant jacket having its outer end` joined to the sleeve and its inner end joined to the barrel.

3. A cylinder structure for engines comprising:

' a cylinder barrel provided with an external anthe barrel, its periphery; shoulder 8, ribs I5 and 2D can be readily machined thereon. The sleeve I3 and its shoulders III and 2'4 can be readily marA .ined for a shrink-lit on the barrel. The ring I9 with its inner periphery machined for a shrink-lit on rib 20 is secured in the inner end of sleeve I1 and its outer endv is secured to the sleeve I3. The assembled sleeve I3, jacket I1 and ring i9 are assembled with lthe barrel by shrinking the sleeve I3 and ring I9 on the barrel. The barrel-sleeve andl jacket will then form a unitary structure which is adapted to be replaceably installed between the crank-case and the cylinder-head.

When the head c is secured against the cylinder structure by bolts 30, the

head and cylinder structure will be replaceably installed on the engine.

In operation, thecoolant will flow lthrough fitting 20 around the barrel 1 and jacket I1, ducts 28, sleeve I3 and ducts 29 to the cooling chamber d in the cylinder-head. The sealing ring 23 will prevent the escape of gases from the cylinder between the hea'dand the cylinder, and the sealing-ring 23 will prevent the leakage of the coolant between the sleeve I3 and the cylinder head.

The invention exemplies a cylinder-head andcylinder structure with sealing means between them for preventing the escape of gases between the cylinder and the head and the escape of coolant between the jacket and the lhead.

The invention also exemplifies a structure which comprises a cylinder and jacket which are adapted to be economically fabricated into a unitary structure for installation and removal from the engine. Y

The invention is not to be understood as limited to the details described, since these may b'e modifled within the scope of the appending claims without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Having thus described the invention,l what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: v

1. An engine comprising: a cylinder-head providedl with a pair of bores with internal annular nular shoulder; a sleeve for coolant shrunk on the barrel and provided with an internal shoulder abutting the shoulder on the barrel, an external annular shoulder and coolant ports; a coolant jacket having its outer end joined to the sleeve; and a ring inside of and secured to the .inner end of the jacket and shrunk on the barrel.,

4. 'An engine comprising: a cylinder head provided with a pair of bores with internal annular shoulders and a ring seated in one of the bores; 4a cylinder structure including a barrel extending into said head and a sleeve for coolant around the barrel, having a portion fitting in one of the ,bores and shoulders tting in the other of said bores; sealing means in one of the bores between the sleeve and the ring, for preventing the escape of gases between the cylinder and the head, sealing means in the other bore between the external shoulder on the sleeve and the shoulder in said last named bore for preventing the escape of coolant between the jacket and the head; a coolant jacket between the` sleeve and the inner end of the barrel, and means for securing the cylinder structure in the head with the sealing means compressed.

5. An engine comprising: a cylinder-head provided With a coolant chamber and a pair of bores with internal shoulders; a cylinder barrel extending into the head; a sleeve secured around the cylinder barrel provided with coolant ducts,

communicating with the coolant chamber in the head; vmeans in one Aof the bores forming a seal between the head and the sleeve for preventing the escape of gases between the barrel and the head; means in the other bore, between lthe sleeve and the head, forming a seal for preventing the escape of coolant between the head and the sleeve; and a jacket between the sleeve and the inner end of the barrel, the sleeve having ports communicating with the space between the barrel and the jacket and means for securing the barrel and separately formed sleeve fitting around and fixed to and defining an annular coolant chamber around the outer end portion of the barrel; an expansible jacket secured to the inner end of the sleeve and dening an annular chamber around shoulders; a ring seated in one of said bores; a

the inner portion of the barrel and provided with a coolant connection; the sleeve being provided with ports communicatively connecting the annular chamber between the sleeve and the barrel with the annular chamber formed by the jacket .and with the coolant chamber in the head; sealing means for preventing the escape of gases between the barrel and the head; and sealing means for preventing the escape of coolant between the sleeve andthe head.

and provided with external annular shoulders fitting in the bores, respectively; a jacket secured to the inner end of the sleeve and dening an annular chamber around theY inner portion of the barrel; the sleeve being provided with ports communicatively connecting the annular chamber be- V tween the sleeve and the barrel with the annular chamber formed by the jacket and with the coolant chamber in the head; sealing means in one of the bores between one of the annular external shoulders on the sleeve and one of the internal shoulders in the head, for preventing the escape of gases between the barrel and the head; and sealing means in the other bore between the other s external shoulder on the sleeve and the other internal shoulder in the head, for preventing the escape of coolant between the sleeve and the head.

8. An engine comprising: a cylinder-head provided with a coolant chamber and a. pair of bores tting in the bores, respectively; a Jacket secured Y to the inner end oi the sleeve and defining an annular chamber around the inner portion of the barrel; the sleeve being provided with ports communicatively connecting the annular chamber between the sleeve and the vbarrel with the annular chamber formed bythe jacket and with the coolant chamber in the head; sealing means between the shoulder on the outer end of the sleeve and one of the internal shoulders in the head, for preventing the escape of gases between the barrel and the` head; and sealing means between the other shoulder on the sleeve and the other internal shoulder in the head, for preventing the escape of coolant between the sleeve and the head.

9. An engine comprising: a cylinder-head provided with a coolant chamber and a pair of bores.

with internal annular shoulders; a cylinder-barrel I having its outer end extending into the head and provided with an annular external shoulder; a separately formed sleeve fitting around and fixed to and defining an annular coolant chamber around the outer end portion of the barrel and provided with external annular shoulders fitting in the bore, respectively, and an annular internal Ashoulder abutting the annular shoulder on the barrel; a jacket secured to the inner end of the sleeve and defining an annularrchamber around the inner portion of the barrel; the sleeve being provided with ports communicatively connecting the annular chamber between the sleeve and the barrel with the annular chamber formed by the jacket and with the coolant chamber in the head; sealing means in one of the bores between one of the annular external shoulders on the sleeve and one of the internal shoulders in the head, for preventing the escape of gases between the barrel and the head; and sealing means in the other bore between the other external shoulder on the sleeve and the other internal shoulder in the head, for preventing the escape of coolant between the sleeve and the head.

. BLAIR S. KRATZER. 

